Is awe the defining human passion? |
Marc
Lloyd writes: If the chief end of human beings is to 'glorify God and
enjoy him for ever' (from the Westminster Shorter Catechism), it should
come as no surprise if modern science finds us to be hard-wired for
awe. This is indeed the claim in Awe: The Transformative Power of
Everyday Wonder by Dacher Keltner (Allen Lane/Penguin, 2023).
Keltner is a professor of psychology at the University of California,
Berkeley. He has long studied the emotions and was a consultant on
Pixar’s Inside Out movie. He focuses on teaching happiness and The Good
Life, and has come to see seeking awe as key.
In this study, Keltner seeks to consider awe scientifically,
culturally and personally, particularly reflecting on the death of his
brother. There are forty pages of end notes but they are not flagged in
the main text. The book describes numerous scientific studies, many of
which yield stories of awe. Sometimes you might feel the net has been
cast rather widely or we have wandered from awe itself a little. I
wasn’t bored, but neither did I think every section necessary. The book
is less of a practical 'how to' guide than I expected.
The Presence of the Transcendent
Awe is defined as “the feeling of being in the presence of something
vast that transcends your current understanding of the world.” (7)
Typically it is evoked by what Keltner calls “the eight wonders of
life”: the moral beauty of others (their courage, kindness, strength or
overcoming); collective effervescence (which Durkheim saw as the
emotional core of religion, especially as expressed in collective
movement e.g. in ritual dance or ceremony); nature; music; visual
design; the spiritual or religious; birth and death; and epiphanies (pp
11-17).
Keltner recognises the etymological and historical connections
between awe and the awful (p 19) but he tends to distinguish awe from
fear, whilst recognising that some theologies and cultures may connect
them more closely than the modern West. The biblical God evokes both awe
and fear, for example.
Typically we feel awe two or three times a week. Just a couple of
minutes of awe a day can make us happier and healthier. Awe tends to
make us more humble and self-forgetful, less neurotic, controlling and
competitive, more open to new ideas and experiences, kinder, more
generous. Keltner sees an evolutionary value to awe in promoting
community and cooperation. There is a whole chapter on evolution as well
as numerous other mentions of Darwin and his theory but creationists
could ignore all this without losing much of the value of the book.
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